Scientists & Staff

Patrick Brose

Research Forester

Sustaining Forests in a Changing Environment

PO Box 267

Irvine, PA, 16329

Phone: 814-563-1040

Contact Patrick Brose

Current Research

My current research emphasis is on the oak regeneration problem. I am responsible for five separate studies. They are:

root development of oak seedlings growing in shelterwood stands,
esponse of mountain laurel to chemical, cultural, and mechanical control practices,
uantifying fuel loadings and fire behavior in oak forests,
esponse of northern red oak seedlings to forest liming, and
dendroecology of xeric oak – pine forests.

Research Interests

Given the intractable nature of the oak regeneration problem, I?ll likely be engaged in oak research for quite some time.

Why This Research is Important

Oak forests are the dominant forest type in much of the eastern United States yet they face a myriad of problems that prevent their regeneration. My research addresses several of those regeneration obstacles and my results help foresters be better stewards of oak forests

Education

Clemson University, Ph.D. Forest Resources,
Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Forest Resources,
Utah State University, B.S. Forest Resources,

Professional Organizations

Society of American Foresters (SAF) (1988 - Present)
American Chestnut Foundation (2000 - Present)

Awards & Recognition

National Silviculture Award, 2015 Awarded biennially by the U.S. Forest Service to a scientist for outstanding contributions in the field of silviculture.
National Hardwood Research Award, 1998 Presented by the National hardwood Lumber Association for the development of the shelterwood - burn technique.

Featured Publications & Products

Brose, Patrick; Rebbeck, Joanne. 2017. A comparison of the survival and development of the seedlings of four upland oak species grown in four different understory light environments. Journal of Forestry
Brose, Patrick H. 2011. A comparison of the effects of different shelterwood harvest methods on the survival and growth of acorn-origin oak seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 2359-2374.
Miller, Gary W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2017. Advanced Oak Seedling Development as Influenced by Shelterwood Treatments, Competition Control, Deer Fencing, and Prescribed Fire. Journal of Forestry. 115(3): 179-189. https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.16-002.
Brose, Patrick H. 2016. Origin, development, and impact of mountain laurel thickets on the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 374: 33-41.
Brose, Patrick H. 2017. An evaluation of seven methods for controlling mountain laurel thickets in the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA. Forest Ecology and Management
Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2014. The fire—oak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-135. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 98 p.
Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Phillips, Ross J.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2013. A meta-analysis of the fire-oak hypothesis: Does prescribed burning promote oak reproduction in eastern North America. Forest Science. 59(3): 322-334.
Brose, Patrick H.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Knopp, Peter D.; Kochenderfer, James N.; McGuinness, Barbara J.; Miller, Gary W.; Ristau, Todd E.; Stoleson, Scott H.; Stout, Susan L. 2008. Prescribing regeneration treatments for mixed-oak forests in the Mid-Atlantic region. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-33. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 100 p.

Publications & Products

Brose, Patrick ; Hille, Andrea. 2020. Evaluating the applicability of the shelterwood-burn technique for regenerating the mixed-oak forests of the Allegheny National Forest. In: Pile, Lauren S.; Deal, Robert L.; Dey, Daniel C.; Gwaze, David; Kabrick, John M.; Palik, Brian J.; Schuler, Thomas M., comps. The 2019 National Silviculture Workshop: a focus on forest management-research partnerships. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-193. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 11-21.
Brose, Patrick H. 2019. Expanding the SILVAH decision support system to be applicable to the mixed-oak forests of the mid-Atlantic region. In: Stout, Susan L., ed. SILVAH: 50 years of science-management cooperation. Proceedings of the Allegheny Society of American Foresters training session; 2017 Sept. 20-22; Clarion, PA. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-186. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 56-71.
Brose, Patrick H.; Hutchinson, Todd F. 2019. The fundamentals of release burning in mixed oak forests with emphasis on the shelterwood-burn technique. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-237. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Brose, Patrick H.; Miller, Gary W. 2019. A comparison of three foliar-applied herbicides for controlling mountain laurel thickets in the mixed-oak forests of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA. Forest Ecology and Management
Pile, Lauren ; Rebbeck, Joanne ; Brose, Patrick ; Long, Robert P. 2019. Black and Chestnut Oak Seedling Response to Glaciated Soil: Implications for Northward Expansion in Response to Climate Warming. Forest Science
Stambaugh, Michael C.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Abadir, Erin R.; Jones, Benjamin C.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Guyette, Richard P. 2019. Successful hard pine regeneration and survival through repeated burning: An applied historical ecology approach. Forest Ecology and Management
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Patrick H.; Cleveland, Helene ; Long, Robert P.; McGuinness, Barbara ; Peters, Matthew P.; Rebbeck, Joanne ; Ristau, Todd ; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stoleson, Scott H.; Thomasma, Scott ; Twery, Mark J.; Wurzbacher, Sarah. 2019. Fifty years of science-management cooperation from the SILVAH community of practice. In: Stout, Susan L., ed. SILVAH: 50 years of science-management cooperation. Proceedings of the Allegheny Society of American Foresters training session; 2017 Sept. 20-22; Clarion, PA. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-186. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 8-25.
McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Dickinson, Yvette L.; Fajvan, Mary Ann; Kenefic, Laura S.; Kern, Christel C.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stoltman, Andrew M.; Stout, Susan L. 2018. Subcontinental-scale patterns of large-ungulate herbivory and synoptic review of restoration management implications for midwestern and northeastern forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-182. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 24 p.
Stambaugh, Michael C.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Abadir, Erin R.; Jones, Benjamin C.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Guyette, Richard P. 2018. Wave of fire: an anthropogenic signal in historical fire regimes across central Pennsylvania, USA. Ecosphere
Brose, Patrick. 2017. Characteristics, histories, and future succession of northern Pinus pugens stands. American Midland Naturalist. 177: 126-142.
Brose, Patrick H. 2017. An evaluation of hardwood fuel models for planning prescribed fires in oak shelterwood stands. In: Kabrick, John M.; Dey, Daniel C.; Knapp, Benjamin O.; Larsen, David R.; Shifley, Stephen R.; Stelzer, Henry E., eds. Proceedings of the 20th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2016 March 28-April 1; Columbia, MO. General Technical Report NRS-P-167. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 134-145.
McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L. 2017. After 25 years, what does the Pennsylvania Regeneration Study tell us about oak/hickory forests under stress?. In: Kabrick, John M.; Dey, Daniel C.; Knapp, Benjamin O.; Larsen, David R.; Shifley, Stephen R.; Stelzer, Henry E., eds. Proceedings of the 20th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2016 March 28-April 1; Columbia, MO. General Technical Report NRS-P-167. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 280-290.
Brose, Patrick H. 2016. Consumption and reaccumulation of forest fuels in oak shelterwood stands managed with prescribed fire. In: Proceedings of the 18th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-212. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 614 p.
Marschall, Joseph; Stambaugh, Michael; Jones, Benjamin; Guyette, Richard; Brose, Patrick; Dey, Daniel C. 2016. Fire regimes of remnant pitch pine communities in the Ridge and Valley Region of central Pennsylvania, USA. Forests. Forests. 7(10): 224.
Miller, Gary W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Kochenderfer, Jeffrey D.; Kochenderfer, James N.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Denning, John R. 2016. Field test of foliar-spray herbicides to control mountain laurel in mature mixed-oak forests in western Maryland. In:Proceedings of the 18th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-212. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 614 p.
Brose, Patrick H.; Guyette, Richard P.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Stambaugh, Michael C. 2015. Fire history reflects human history in the Pine Creek Gorge of north-central Pennsylvania. Natural Areas Journal. 35: 214-223.
McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Hatfield, Mark; Johnson, Katherine; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L.; Willard, Thomas; Woodall, Christopher W. 2015. A regeneration indicator for Forest Inventory and Analysis: history, sampling, estimation, analytics, and potential use in the midwest and northeast United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-148. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 74 p.
Brose, Patrick H. 2014. Development of prescribed fire as a silvicultural tool for the upland oak forests of the eastern United States. Journal of Forestry. 112(5): 525-533.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2014. Making sense out of confusion: a review of fire-oak papers published in the past 50 years. In: Waldrop, Thomas A., ed. Proceedings, Wildland fire in the Appalachians: discussions among managers and scientists. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-199. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 12-24.
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Patrick H. 2014. The SILVAH saga: 40+ years of collaborative hardwood research and management highlight silviculture. Journal of Forestry. 112(5): 434-439.
Stout, Susan L; Brose, Patrick H. 2014. SILVAH: managers and scientists working together to improve research and management. In Waldrop, Thomas A., ed. Proceedings, Wildland fire in the Appalachians: discussions among managers and scientists. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-199. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 184-192.
Brose, Patrick H. 2013. Post-harvest prescribed burning of oak stands: an alternative to the shelterwood-burn technique?. In: Miller, Gary W.; Schuler, Thomas M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Brooks, John R.; Grushecky, Shawn T.; Spong, Ben D.; Rentch, James S., eds. Proceedings, 18th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2012 March 26-28; Morgantown, WV; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-117. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 352-364.
Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Guyette, Richard P.; Marschall, Joseph M.; Stambaugh, Michael C. 2013. The influences of drought and humans on the fire regimes of northern Pennsylvania, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 43: 757-767.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2012. Canopy accession patterns of table mountain and pitch pines during the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Butnor, John R., ed. Proceedings of the 16th biennial southern silvicultural research conference; 2011 Feb 14-17; Charleston, SC. e-Gen. Tech Rep. SRS-156. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 35-40.
Heggenstaller, Daniel J.; Zenner, Eric K.; Brose, Patrick H.; Peck, Jerilynn E. 2012. How much older are Appalachian oaks below-ground than above-ground?. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. 29(3): 155-157.
Long, Robert P.; Brose, Patrick H.; Horsley, Stephen B. 2012. Responses of northern red oak seedlings to lime and deer exclosure fencing in Pennsylvania. Canadian Journal of Forest Research: 42:698-709.
Zenner, Eric K.; Heggenstaller, Daniel J.; Brose, Patrick H.; Peck, JeriLynn E.; Steiner, Kim C. 2012. Reconstructing the competitive dynamics of mixed-oak neighborhoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 42: 1714-1723.
Brose, Patrick. 2011. Fate of the 2001 acorn crop at Clear Creek State Forest, Pennsylvania. In: Fei, Songlin; Lhotka, John M.; Stringer, Jeffrey W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Miller, Gary W., eds. Proceedings, 17th central hardwood forest conference; 2010 April 5-7; Lexington, KY; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-78. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 253-261.
Brose, Patrick H. 2010. Long-term effects of single prescribed fires on hardwood regeneration in oak shelterwood stands. Forest Ecology and Management. 260: 1516-1524.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2010. A dendrochronological analysis of a disturbance-succession model for oak-pine forests of the Appalachian Mountains, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 40: 1373-1385.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A.; Mohr, Helen H. 2010. A comparison of northern and southern table mountain pine stands. In: Stanturf, John A., ed. 2010. Proceedings of the 14th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-121. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 69-73.
Dey, Daniel C.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Hutchinson, Todd F.; Spetich, Martin A.; Stoleson, Scott H. 2010. An ecologically based approach to oak silviculture: a synthesis of 50 years of oak ecosystem research in North America. Revista Columbia Forestal. 13(2): 201-222.
Huebner, Cynthia D.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Miller, Gary W.; Brose, Patrick H. 2010. Restoration of three forest herbs in the Liliaceae family by manipulating deer herbivory and overstorey and understorey vegetation. Plant Ecology & Diversity. 3(3): 259-272.
Stottlemeyer, Aaron D.; Wang, G. Geoff; Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2010. Energy content in dried leaf litter of some oaks and mixed mesophytic species that replace oaks. In: Stanturf, John A., ed. 2010. Proceedings of the 14th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-121. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 295-296.
Brose, Patrick. 2009. Prescribed fire research in Pennsylvania. In: Hutchinson, Todd F., ed. Proceedings of the 3rd fire in eastern oak forests conference; 2008 May 20-22; Carbondale, IL. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-46. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 145-146.
Brose, Patrick H. 2009. Photo guide for estimating risk to hardwood trees during prescribed burning operations in eastern oak forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-44. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 95 p.
Brose, Patrick H. 2009. Photo guide for estimating fuel loading and fire behavior in mixed-oak forests of the Mid-Atlantic Region. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-45. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 104 p.
Brose, Patrick H. 2008. Root development of acorn-origin oak seedlings in shelterwood stands on the Appalachian Plateau of northern Pennsylvania: 4-year results. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3374-3381.
Brose, Patrick H. 2007. Development of interim oak assessment guidelines for the silvah decision-support system. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-101. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 37-45. [CD-ROM].
Brose, Patrick H.; Miller, Gary W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2007. Reintroducing fire to the oak forests of Pennsylvania: response of striped maple. In: Powers, Robert F., tech. editor. Restoring fire-adapted ecosystems: proceedings of the 2005 national silviculture workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-203, Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: p. 67-77
Brose, Patrick H.; Miller, Gary W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2007. Survival of striped maple following spring prescribed fires in pennsylvania. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-101. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 225-230 [CD-ROM].
Stout, Susan L.; Brose, Pat; Gottschalk, Kurt; Miller, Gary; Knopp, Pete; Rutherford, Gary; Deibler, Mark; Frank, Gary; Gilmore, Gary. 2007. SILVAH-OAK: ensuring adoption by engaging users in the full cycle of forest research. In: Miner, Cynthia; Jacobs, Ruth; Dykstra, Dennis; Bittner, Becky, eds. 2007. Proceedings: international conference on transfer of forest science knowledge and technology. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-726. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 229-238.
Brose, Patrick H.; Schuler, Thomas M.; Ward, Jeffrey S. 2006. Responses of oak and other hardwood regeneration to prescribed fire: what we know as of 2005. In: Dickinson, Matthew B., ed. 2006. Fire in eastern oak forests: delivering science to land managers, proceedings of a conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 123-135.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2006. Fire and the origin of Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:710-718
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2006. Fire and the orgin of the Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in the southern Appalachian mountains, USA. Can. J. Forest Res., Vol. 36: 710-718
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2006. Changes in the disturbance regime of upland yellow pine stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains during the 20^th century. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 467-470
Lanham, J. Drew; Brose, Patrick H.; Keyser, Patrick D. 2006. Conservation implications for neotropical migratory and game birds in oak-hardwood stands managed with shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire. In: Dickinson, Matthew B., ed. 2006. Fire in eastern oak forests: delivering science to land managers, proceedings of a conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 167-179.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brudnak, Lucy; Phillips, Ross J.; Brose, Patrick H. 2006. Research efforts on fuels, fuel models, and fire behavior in eastern hardwood forests. In: Dickinson, Matthew B., ed. 2006. Fire in eastern oak forests: delivering science to land managers, proceedings of a conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 90-103.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Mohr, Helen H.; Brose, Patrick H. 2006. Early dynamics of table mountain pine stands following stand-replacement prescribed fires of varying intensity. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 471-474
Ward, Jeffrey S.; Brose , Patrick H. 2006. Influence of prescribed fire on stem girdling and mortality. In: Dickinson, Matthew B., ed. 2006. Fire in eastern oak forests: delivering science to land managers, proceedings of a conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-1. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 301.
McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Horsley, Steve; King, Susan L.; LaPoint, Brian M.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steele, Harry; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White , Robert L. 2005. Measuring Tree Seedlings and Associated Understory Vegetation in Pennsylvania's Forests. In: McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H.; Cieszewski, Chris J., eds. Proceedings of the fourth annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-252. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 21-26
Schuler, Thomas M.; Brose, Patrick; White, Robert L.; White, Robert L. 2005. Residual overstory density affects survival and growth of sheltered oak seedlings on the Allegheny Plateau. Res. Pap. NE-728. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 9 p.
Brose, Patrick. 2004. Understanding Early Height Growth of Oak Regeneration Following Seasonal Prescribed Fires. In: Yaussy, Daniel A.; Hix, David M.; Long, Robert P.; Goebel, P. Charles, eds. Proceedings, 14th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2004 March 16-19; Wooster, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-316. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 500
Brose, Patrick. 2004. Fitting Fire into Oak Management. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-73. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 263
Brose, Patrick; Schuler, Thomas; Ward, Jeffrey. 2004. Integrating Prescribed Fire into Management of Mixed-oak Forests of the Mid-Atlantic Region: Developing Basic Fire Behavior and Fuels Information for the SILVAH System. In: Yaussy, Daniel A.; Hix, David M.; Long, Robert P.; Goebel, P. Charles, eds. Proceedings, 14th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2004 March 16-19; Wooster, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-316. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 501
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David. 2004. Survival of Hardwood Regeneration During Prescribed Fires: The Importance of Root Development and Root Collar Location. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-73. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 123-127
Keyser, Patrick D.; Sausville, David J.; Ford, W. Mark; Schwab, Donald J.; Brose, Partick H. 2004. Prescribed Fire Impacts to Amphibians and Reptiles in Shelterwood-harvested Oak-dominated Forests. Virginia Journal of Science 55(4):159-168
McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L. 2004. Indicators of regenerative capacity for eastern hardwood forests. In: Proceedings, Society of American Foresters 2003 national convention; 2003 October 25-29; Buffalo, NY. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 136-140.
Ward, Jeffrey S.; Brose, Patrick H. 2004. Mortality, Survival, and Growth of Individual Stems After Prescribed Burning in Recent Hardwood Clearcuts. In: Yaussy, Daniel A.; Hix, David M.; Long, Robert P.; Goebel, P. Charles, eds. Proceedings, 14th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2004 March 16-19; Wooster, OH. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-316. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 193-199.
Brose, Patrick; Stout, Susan; Miller, Gary; Gottschalk, Kurt. 2003. SILVAH 5.1: developing interim guidelines for managing oak in Pennsylvania through multi-agency cooperation. In: Van Sambeek, J. W.; Dawson, Jeffery O.; Ponder Jr., Felix; Loewenstein, Edward F.; Fralish, James S., eds. Proceedings of the 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-234. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 360
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David. 2003. Mortality trends and traits of hardwood advance regeneration following seasonal prescribed fires. In: Van Sambeek, J. W.; Dawson, Jeffery O.; Ponder Jr., Felix; Loewenstein, Edward F.; Fralish, James S., eds. Proceedings of the 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-234. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 291
McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; King, Susan L.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L. 2003. Indicators of regenerative capacity for native broadleaf forests: a case study of ungulate overpopulation in the Eastern United States. In: Congress proceedings, Xii world forestry congress; 2003 September 21-28; Quebec City, Canada. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisher unknown]: 342.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Welch, Nicole Turrill; Mohr, Helen H.; Gray, Ellen A.; Tainter, Frank H.; Ellis, Lisa E. 2003. Are Crown Fires Necessary For Table Mountain Pine?. Pages 157-163 in K.E.M. Galley, R.C. Klinger, and N.G Sugibara eds.). Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. Miscellaneous Publication No. 13. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
Brose, Patrick H.; Tainter, Frank; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2002. Regeneration History of Three Table Mountain Pine/Pitch Pine Stands in Northern Georgia. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-48. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 296-301
Brose, Patrick H.; Wade, Dale. 2002. Understory Herbicide as a Treatment For Reducing Hazardous Fuels and Extreme Fire Behavior in Slash Pine Plantations. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-48. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 109-113
Brose, Patrick; Wade, Dale. 2002. Potential fire behavior in pine flatwood forests following three different fuel reduction techniques. Forest Ecology and Management 163 (2002) 71-84
Lanham, J. Drew; Keyser, Patrick D.; Brose, Patrick H.; Van Lear, David H. 2002. Management options for songbirds using the oak shelterwood-burn technique in upland forests of the Southeastern United States. In: Ford, W. Mark; Russell, Kevin R.; Moorman, Christopher E., eds. Proceedings: the role of fire for nongame wildlife management and community restoration: traditional uses and new directions. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-288. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 65-72.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Welch, Nicole Turrill; Mohr, Helen H.; Gray, Ellen A.; Tainter, Frank H.; Ellis, Lisa E. 2002. High-Intensity Fires May Be Unnecessary For Stand Replacement Of Table Mountain Pine: An Overview Of Current Research. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-48. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp 137-142
Brose, Patrick; Schuler, Thomas; Van Lear, David; Berst, John. 2001. Bringing fire back. The changing regimes of the Appalachian mixed-oak forest. Journal of Forestry. 99(11): 30-35.
Brose, Patrick H.; Waldrop, Thomas A. 2000. Using prescribed fire to regenerate Table Mountain pine in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. In: Moser, W. Keith; Moser, Cynthia E., eds. Fire and forest ecology: innovative silviculture and vegetation management. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings, No. 21. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 191-196
Brose, Patrick; Van Lear, David; Van Lear, David. 2000. A Shelterwood-burn Technique for Regenerating Productive Upland Oak Sites. In: Yaussy, Daniel A., comp. 2000. Proceedings: workshop on fire, people, and the central hardwoods landscape; 2000 March 12-14; Richmond, KY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-274. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 123.
Van Lear, D.H.; Brose, P.H.; Keyser, P.D.; Keyser, P.D. 2000. Using Prescribed Fire to Regenerate Oaks. In: Yaussy, Daniel A., comp. 2000. Proceedings: workshop on fire, people, and the central hardwoods landscape; 2000 March 12-14; Richmond, KY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-274. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 97-102.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Turrill Welch, Nicole; Brose, Patrick H.; Elliott, Katherine J.; Mohr, Helen H.; Gray, Ellen A.; Tainter, Frank H.; Ellis, Lisa E.; Ellis, Lisa E. 2000. Current Research on Restoring Ridgetop Pine Communities With Stand Replacement Fire. In: Yaussy, Daniel A., comp. 2000. Proceedings: workshop on fire, people, and the central hardwoods landscape; 2000 March 12-14; Richmond, KY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-274. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 103-109.
Waldrop, Thomas A.; Welch, Nicole Turrill; Brose, Patrick H.; [and others]. 2000. Current research on restoring ridgetop pine communities with stand replacement fire. In: Yaussy, Daniel A., comp. Proceedings: workshop on fire, people, and the central hardwoods landscape; 2000 March 12-14; Richmond, KY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-274. Newton Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 103-109.
Brose, Patrick H.; Van Lear, David H. 1999. Effects of seasonal prescribed fires on residual overstory trees in oak-dominate shelterwood stands. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 23(2): 88-93.
Brose, Patrick H.; van Lear, David H.; Cooper, Roderick. 1999. Using Shelterwood Harvests and Prescribed Fire to Regenerate Oak Stands on Productive Upland Sites. Forest Ecology and Management 113 (1999) 125-141
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van Lear, David; Brose, Patrick. 1999. Clemson Researchers Find Prescribed Fire Regenerates Oak Forests. Tree Farmer, May/June 1999
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National Research Highlights

Photo 1. A typical mountain laurel thicket in a mixed-oak forest in central Pennsylvania. Such thickets prevent oak seedlings from becoming established and developing into competitive reproduction. Note the 8-foot range pole in the center of the photo to appreciate the density and height of the shrubs.
Photo 2. A fall prescribed fire being conducted by Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry personnel in a mountain laurel thicket that had been cut approximately 2 years earlier. Initially, this combination of treatments showed the most promise of controlling mountain laurel, but after 5 years the shrubs had sprouted and the thicket was quickly reforming.

How not to kill mountain laurel

Year: 2017

Sometimes failure can be as important as success when it comes to developing appropriate silvicultural treatments for controlling interfering understory vegetation. A Forest Service scientist succeeded in establishing that seven common treatments do not work when it comes to controlling mountain laurel, a pervasive problem in eastern forests.

This black cherry seedling is infected with black cherry leaf spot. Managers and scientists have observed this infection more frequently in recent years. Robert Long, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Changes in Black Cherry on the Allegheny Plateau

Year: 2016

Increased tree mortality, decreased seed production, and seedling growth. Managers and scientists have been observing these changes in black cherry on the Allegheny Plateau and are working together to sharpen the research focus and utilize long-term research to improve forest management.

A mixed-oak forest with a dense understory of mountain laurel in eastern Pennsylvania. Note the 8-foot range pole in the center of the photograph. Recent research shows that when mountain laurel cover exceeds 25 percent, regenerating oaks becomes extremely difficult. Pat Brose, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Understanding Mountain Laurel’s Impact on Oak Regeneration

Year: 2016

When did the dense understories of mountain laurel seen in some mixed-oak forests become established, and why? How dense does mountain laurel have to be to interfere with oak regeneration?

Last modified: Wednesday, December 2, 2020