Andrew Liebhold
Title: Research Entomologist
Unit: Ecology and Management of Invasive Species and Forest Ecosystems
Address: Northern Research Station
180 Canfield St.
Morgantown, WV 26505
Phone: 304-285-1512
E-mail: Contact Andrew Liebhold
Jump to Publications
Education
- Postdoctoral, University of Massachusetts (1984-88)
- Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley, Entomology (1984)
- B.S., Allegheny College, Biology (1978)
Civic & Professional Affiliations
- Leader IUFRO research group 7.03.00, Entomology
- Adjunct Faculty, Dept. of Entomology, Pennsylvania State Univ.
- Adjunct Faculty, Dept. Geology & Geography, West Virginia Univ.
- Elected Member, Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). World Conservation Union (IUCN)
- Research Associate, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA
- Associate Editor, Canadian Entomologist
- Associate Editor, Population Ecology
- Editorial Board, Journal of Forest Research
Current Research
Population biology of biological invasions
Much of my research focuses on understanding ecological processes operating during the arrival, establishment, and spread phases of biological invasions. In particular, I am interested in understanding these processes as the basis for more effective strategies to exclude invaders, prevent establishment (eradication) and contain the spread of invading forest pests. This work includes studies on the gypsy moth, Sirex woodwasp, beech bark disease, Japanese oak wilt disease, emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid.
Forest insect population dynamics
I am interested in understanding the processes that are responsible for the spatial and temporal patterns of forest insect outbreaks. Many insect species exhibit periodic population oscillations that occur synchronously over large areas but we have only a partial understanding of the population processes (interactions with predators, parasitoids, host plants and disease) that cause these patterns. Analyses of historical data and mathematical models are applied to explore these relationships. This work focuses on the gypsy moth, but includes several other forest insect species as well.
Why is This Important
North America is currently experiencing an onslaught of invasions by damaging forest pest species. We need to develop more effective strategies for mitigating this problem. Unfortunately, there are often few options for preventing or minimizing the impacts of these invasions but the development of a clearer understanding of the invasion process is critical for the development of more effective management strategies.
Forest insect outbreaks have a multitude of ecological and economic impacts but currently we have a very limited ability to either predict or prevent such outbreaks. Knowledge of the underlying processes that generate outbreaks is critical for improving our ability to forecast and manage outbreaks in the future.
Featured Publications
- Haynes, Kyle J.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Johnson, Derek M. 2012. Elevational gradient in the cyclicity of a forest-defoliating insect. Population Ecology. 54: 239-250.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.; Garrett, Lynn J.; Parke, Jennifer L.; Britton, Kerry O. 2012. Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 10(3): 135-143.
- Pugh, Scott A.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S. 2011. Changes in ash tree demography associated with emerld ash borer invasion, indicated by regional forest inventory data from the Great Lakes States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 2165-2175.
- Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.; Aukema, Juliann E.; Britton, Kerry O.; Cavey, Joseph F.; Garrett, Lynn J.; Haack, Robert A.; Kimberley, Mark; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Lowenstein, Frank L.; Marasas, Carissa; Nuding, Amelia; Olson, Lars; Speekmann, Christa; Springborn, Michael; Vieglais, Christina; Turner, James. 2011. Demonstrating the benefits of phytosanitary regulations: the case of ISPM 15. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 6-7.
- Aukema, Juliann E.; Leung, Brian.; Kovacs, Kent; Chivers, Corey; Britton, Kerry O.; Englin, Jeffrey; Frankel, Susan J.; Haight, Robert G.; Holmes, Thomas P.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Von Holle, Betsy. 2011. Economic Impacts of Non-Native Forest Insects in the Continental United States. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24587. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024587
Additional
Online Publications
- Koenig, Walter D.; Walters, Eric L.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2011. Effects of gypsy moth outbreaks on North American woodpeckers. The Condor. 113(2): 352-361.
- Tobin, Patrick C.; Berec, Ludek; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2011. Exploiting Allee effects for managing biological invasions. Ecology Letters. 14: 615-624.
- Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2011. Influence of foraging behavior and host spatial distribution on the localized spread of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Population Ecology. 53: 271-285.
- Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2011. Simulating the effectiveness of three potential management options to slow the spread of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) populations in localized outlier sites. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 254-264.
- Kovacs, Kent F.; Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Haight, Robert G.; Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2011. The influence of satellite populations of emerald ash borer on projected economic damage in U.S. communities, 2010-2020. Journal of Environmental Management. 92: 2170-2181.
- Holmes, Thomas P.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Kovacs, Kent F.; Von Holle, Betsy. 2010. A spatial-dynamic value transfer model of economic losses from a biological invasion. Ecological Economics. 70: 86-95.
- Kovacs, Kent F.; Haight, Robert G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W. 2010. Cost of potential emerald ash borer damage in U.S. In: Michler, Charles H.; Ginzel, Matthew D., eds. 2010. Proceedings of symposium on ash in North America; 2010 March 9-11; West Lafayette, IN. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-72. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 12.
- Kovacs, Kent F.; Haight, Robert G.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2010. Cost of potential emerald ash borer damage in U.S communities, 2009-2019. Ecological Economics. 69: 569-578.
- Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Richardson, Brian; Suckling, David M. 2010. Eradication of invasive forest insects: concepts, methods, costs and benefits. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 40 suppl.: S117-S135.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C. 2010. Exploiting the Achilles heels of pest invasions: allee effects, stratified dispersal and management of forest insect establishment and spread. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 40 suppl.: S25-S33.
- Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Robinet, Christelle; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2010. Geographic variation in North American gypsy moth cycles: subharmonics, generalist predators, and spatial coupling. Ecology. 91(1): 106-118.
- Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, N.W.; Liebhold, A.M.; McCullough, D.G. 2009. A model for the spread of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in recently colonized sites.. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 87.
- Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottshcalk, Kurt W. 2009. Anisotropic spread of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States. Biological Invasions. 11: 2341-2350.
- Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Andrew M.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2009. Dispersal of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in newly-colonized sites. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 11: 421?424.
- Robinet, Christelle; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2009. Dispersal polymorphism in an invasive forest pest affects its ability to establish. Ecological Applications 19(7): 1935-1943.
- Haight, Robert G.; Kovacs, Kent; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2009. Economic assessment of potential emerald ash borer damage in urban areas in the United States. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 32-33.
- McManus, Michael L.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2009. Gypsy moth IPM. In: Radcliffe, E.B.; Huchison, W.D.; Cancelado, R.E., eds. Integrated Pest Management: Concepts, Tactics, Strategies and Case Studies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 414-423
- Siegert, Nathan W.; Mercader, Rodrigo J.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Poland, Therese M.; Heyd, Robert L. 2009. Manipulating spread and predicting dispersal of isolated emerald ash borer populations. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 54-55.
- Yamanaka, Takehiko; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2009. Mate-location failure, the Allee effect, and the establishment of invading populations. Population Ecology. 51: 337-340.
- Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Telewski, Frank W. 2009. Reconstruction of the establishment and spread of emerald ash borer through dendrochronological analysis. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 19th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2008; 2008 January 8-11; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-36. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 70.
- Haynes, Kyle J.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Johnson, Derek M. 2009. Spatial analysis of harmonic oscillation of gypsy moth outbreak intensity. Oecologia. 159: 249-256.
- Plymale, Ruth C.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Hajek, Ann E. 2009. Spatial population dynamics and heterogeneity of an insect/pathogen interaction. In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings. 20th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2009; 2009 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-51. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 92.
- Yamanaka, Takehiko; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2009. Spatially implicit approaches to understand the manipulation of mating success for insect invasion management. Population Ecology. 51: 427-444.
- Kramer, Andrew M.; Dennis, Brian; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Drake, John M. 2009. The evidence for Allee effects. Population Ecology. 51: 341-354.
- Tobin, Patrick C.; Robinet, Christelle; Johnson, Derek M.; Whitmire, Stefanie L.; Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2009. The role of Allee effects in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), invasions. Population Ecology. 51: 373-384.
- Buntgen, Ulf; Frank, David; Liebhold, Andrew; Johnson, Derek; Carrer, Marco; Urbinati, Carlo; Grabner, Michael; Nicolussi, Kurt; Levanic, Tom; Esper, Jan. 2009. Three centuries of insect outbreaks across the European Alps. New Phytologist. 182: 929-941.
- Tobin, Patrick C.; Whitmire, Stephanie L.; Johnson, Derek M.; Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2008. Allee effects and gypsy moth invasions. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 18th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2007; 2007 January 9-12; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-28. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 79.
- Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2008. Dendrochronoloical reconstruction of the establishment and spread of emerald ash borer. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 4-5.
- Liebhold, A.M.; Turcani, Marek; Kamata, Naoto. 2008. Inference of adult female dispersal from the distribution of gypsy moth egg masses in a Japanese city. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 10: 69-73.
- Siegert, Nathan W.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McCullough, Deborah G. 2008. Modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of isolated emerald ash borer populations. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 6.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C. 2008. Population ecology of insect invasions and their management. Annual Review of Entomology. 53: 387-408.
- Bogich, Tiffany L.; Liebhold, Andrew; Shea, Katriona. 2007. A model for the optimization of the detection and eradication of isolated gypsy moth colonies. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 27-28.
- Tobin, Patrick C.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Roberts, E. Anderson. 2007. Comparison of methods for estimating the spread of a non-indigenous species. Journal of Biogeography. 34: 305?312.
- Tobin, Patrick C.; Whitmire, Stephanie L.; Johnson, Derek M.; Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2007. Invasion speed is affected by geographical variation in the strength of Allee effects. Ecology Letters. 10: 36-43.
- Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Telewski, Frank W. 2007. Reconstructing the temporal and spatial dynamics of emerald ash borer adults through dendrochronological analyses. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 89.
- Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Telewski, Frank W. 2007. Resurrected from the ashes: a historical reconstruction of emerald ash borer dynamics through dendrochronological analysis. In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer and Asian longhorhed beetle research and development review meeting; 2006 October 29-November 2; Cincinnatti, OH. FHTET 2007-04. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 18-19.
- Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene. 2007. Spread of beech bark disease in the eastern United States and its relationship to regional forest composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 726-736.
- Robinet, Christelle; Liebhold, Andrew; Gray, David. 2007. Variation in developmental time affects mating success and Allee effects. Oikos. 116: 1227-1237.
- Lance, D. R.; Liebhold, A.; Mastro, V. C. 2007. Weather, distance, synchrony and mate-finding success in Lymantria dispar. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 63.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Work, Timothy T.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Cavey, Joseph F. 2006. Airline Baggage as a Pathway for Alien Insect Species Invading the United States. American Entomologist. 53(1): 48-54.
- Johnson, Derk M.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C.; Bjornstad, Ottar N. 2006. Allee effects and pulsed invasion by the gypsy moth. Nature. 444: 361-363.
- Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M; Gottschalk, K.W.; Woodall, Chris W.; Twardus, Daniel B.; White, Robert L.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Ristau, Todd E. 2006. Analysis of forest health monitoring surveys on the Allegheny National Forest (1998-2001). Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-339. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 102 p.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Johnson, Derek M.; Bjørnstad, Ottar N. 2006. Geographic variation in density-dependent dynamics impacts the synchronizing effect of dispersal and regional stochasticity. Population Ecology 48:131-138
- Johnson, Derek M.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Bjørnstad, Ottar N. 2006. Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks. Ecography 29:367-374
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Tobin, Patrick C. 2006. Growth of newly established alien populations: comparison of North American gypsy moth colonies with invasion theory. Population Ecology 48:253-262
- McCullough, Deborah G.; Work, Timothy T.; Cavey, Joseph F.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Marshall, David. 2006. Interceptions of nonindigenous plant pests at US ports of entry and border crossings over a 17-year period. Biological Invasions 8:611-630
- Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Jactel, Hervé. 2006. The ecology of forest insect invasions and advances in their management. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:263-268
- Komura, Ryotaro; Liebhold, Andrew; Esaki, Koujiro; Muramoto, Ken-ichiro; Kamata, Naoto. 2005. Analysis of Japanese Oak Wilt Spread Using Aerial Photography and GIS. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, XV U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2004; 2004 January 13-16; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-332. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 52.
- Okland, Bjorn; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Erbilgin, Nadir; Krokene, Paal. 2005. Are bark beetle outbreaks less synchronous than forest Lepidoptera outbreaks?. Oecologia. 146: 365-372.
- Johnson, Derek M.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Mcmanus, Michael L. 2005. Circumpolar variation in periodicity and synchrony among gypsy moth populations. Journal of Animal Ecology. 74: 882-892.
- Koenig, Walter D.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2005. Effects of periodical cicada emergences on abundance and synchrony of avian populations. Ecology. 86(7): 1873-1882.
- Liebhold, A.M.; Raffa, K.F.; Diss, A.L. 2005. Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth pupae. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 7: 179-185.
- Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Luzader, Eugene R.; Lister, Andrew J.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twardus, Daniel B. 2005. Mapping host-species abundance of three major exotic forest pests. Res. Pap. NE-726. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 11 p.
- Siegert, Nathan W.; McCullough, Deborah G.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Telewski, Frank W. 2005. Reconstructing the temporal and spatial dynamics of emerald ash borer in black ash: a case study of an outlier site in Roscommon County, Michigan. In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerals ash borer research and development meeting; 2004 October 5-6; Romulus, MI. FHTET 2004-15. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 21-22.
- Liebhold, Andrew; Morin, Randall; Gottschalk, Kurt; Twardus, Dan. 2005. The Biogeography of Beech Bark Disease Invasion of North America. In: Evans, Celia A., Lucas, Jennifer A. and Twery, Mark J., eds. Beech Bark Disease: Proceedings of the Beech Bark Disease Symposium; 2004 June 16-18; Saranak Lake, NY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-331. Newtown Square, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 124.
- Evans, Celia; Ayres, Matthew; Twery, Mark; Houston, David R.; Liebhold, Andrew. 2005. Using Models to Identify Forests at Risk of Major Structure and Compositional Change due to Beech Bark Disease. In: Evans, Celia A., Lucas, Jennifer A. and Twery, Mark J., eds. Beech Bark Disease: Proceedings of the Beech Bark Disease Symposium; 2004 June 16-18; Saranak Lake, NY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-331. Newtown Square, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 116-120.
- Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W. 2004. Area-Wide Analysis of Hardwood Defoliator Effects on Tree Conditions in the Allegheny Plateau. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. 21(1): 31-39.
- Tobin, Patrick C.; Sharov, Alexei A.; Liebhold, Andrew A.; Leonard, Donna S.; Roberts, E. Anderson; Learn, Matthew R. 2004. Management of the gypsy moth through a decision algorithm under the STS project. American Entomologist. 50(4): 200-209.
- Muzika, R.M.; Grushecky, S.T.; Liebhold, A.M.; Smith, R.L. 2004. Using thinning as a management tool for gypsy moth: the influence on small mammal abundance. Forest Ecology and Management. 192: 349-359.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Sork, Victoria; Peltonen, Mikko; Koenig, Walter; Bjørnstad, Ottar N.; Westfall, Robert; Elkinton, Joseph; Knops, Johannes M. H. 2004. Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks. OIKOS 104(1):156-164
- Liebhold, Andrew M. 2003. Alien species, agents of global change: ecology and management of the gypsy moth in North America as a case history. In: Kamata, Naota, ed. Proceedings of the International Symposium of the Kanazawa University 21st-Century COE Program Volume 1; Tanaka Shobundo, Kanazawa Japan: 71-75
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Twardus, Daniel. 2003. Mapping forest risk associated with beech bark disease. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.56.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Twardus, Daniel. 2003. Mapping forest risk associated with the gypsy moth. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.57.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Morin, Randall S.; Lister, Andrew; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Twardus, Daniel. 2003. Mapping forest risk associated with the hemlock woolly adelgid. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L. C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. p.58.
- Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2003. Potential susceptibility of eastern forests to sudden oak death, Phytophthora ramorum. In: Fosbroke, Sandra L.C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2002; 2002 January 15-18; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-300. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 32.
- Turcani, Marek; Liebhold, Andrew; McManus, Michael; Novotny, Julius. 2003. Preliminary results on predation of gypsy moth egg masses in Slovakia. In: McManus, Michael L.; Liebhold, Andrew M., eds. Proceedings: Ecology, Survey and Management of Forest Insects; 2002 September 1-5; Krakow, Poland. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-311. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 115-120.
- Turcani, Marek; Liebhold, Andrew M.; McManus, Michael; Novotný, Július. 2003. Preliminary results on predation of gypsy moth pupae during a period of latency in Slovakia. In: Proceedings: IUFRO Working Party 7.03.07; Kanazawa, Japan. September 2003. 72-77
- McManus, Michael L.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; [eds.]. 2003. Proceedings: Ecology, Survey and Management of Forest Insects. 2002 September 1-5; Krakow, Poland. Gen. Tech . Rep. NE-311. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 178 p.
- Liebhold, Andrew; Bascompte, Jordi. 2003. The Allee effect, stochastic dynamics and the eradication of alien species. Ecology Letters. 6: 133-140.
- Sharov, Alexei A.; Leonard, Donna; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Roberts, E. Anderson; Dickerson, Willard. 2002. "Slow the spread" a national program to contain the gypsy moth. Journal of Forestry. July/August.
- Williams, David W.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2002. Climate change and the outbreak ranges of two North American bark beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 4:87-99
- Liebhold, A. M.; Gurevitch, J. 2002. Integrating the statistical analysis of spatial data in ecology. Ecography. 25(5): 553-557.
- Liebhold, A.M.; McManus, M.L.; Otvos, I.S.; Fosbroke, S.L.C. 2001. Proceedings: Integrated management and dynamics of forest defoliating insects; 1999 August 15-19; Victoria, BC. (1 of 6). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, GTR-NE-277, 1-36 p.
- Liebhold, A.M.; McManus, M.L.; Otvos, I.S.; Fosbroke, S.L.C. 2001. Proceedings: Integrated management and dynamics of forest defoliating insects; 1999 August 15-19; Victoria, BC. (2 of 6). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, GTR-NE-277, 37 - 53 p.
- Liebhold, A.M.; McManus, M.L.; Otvos, I.S.; Fosbroke, S.L.C. 2001. Proceedings: Integrated management and dynamics of forest defoliating insects; 1999 August 15-19; Victoria, BC. (3 of 6). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, GTR-NE-277, 54 - 84 p.
- Liebhold, A.M.; McManus, M.L.; Otvos, I.S.; Fosbroke, S.L.C. 2001. Proceedings: Integrated management and dynamics of forest defoliating insects; 1999 August 15-19; Victoria, BC. (4 of 6). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, GTR-NE-277, 85 - 110 p.
- Liebhold, A.M.; McManus, M.L.; Otvos, I.S.; Fosbroke, S.L.C. 2001. Proceedings: Integrated management and dynamics of forest defoliating insects; 1999 August 15-19; Victoria, BC. (5 of 6). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, GTR-NE-277, 111-138 p.
- Liebhold, A.M.; McManus, M.L.; Otvos, I.S.; Fosbroke, S.L.C. 2001. Proceedings: Integrated management and dynamics of forest defoliating insects; 1999 August 15-19; Victoria, BC. (6 of 6). United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, GTR-NE-277, 138-178 p.
- Williams, David W.; Long, Robert P.; Wargo, Philip M.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2000. Effects of climate change on forest insect and disease outbreaks. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Hom, John, eds. Responses of northern U.S. forests to environmental change. Ecological studies 139. New York: Springer-Verlag: 455-494.
- Liebhold, Andrew. 2000. Population processes during establishment and spread of invading species: implications for survey and detection programs. In: Detecting and monitoring of invasive species, plant health conference 2000; 2000 October 24-25; Raleigh, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tech. Bulletin: 65-70.
- McManus, M.L.; Liebhold, A.M., eds. 1998. Proceedings: population dynamics, impacts, and integrated management of forest defoliating insects. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-247. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 352 p.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene R.; Mason, Douglas A.; Bush, Renate; Twardus, Daniel B. 1997. Gypsy moth in the United States: an atlas. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-233. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 36 p.
- Gregoire, J.C.; Liebhold, A.M.; Stephen, F.M.; Day, K.R.; [Editors]. 1997. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests; 1996 September 1-3; Vallombrosa, Italy : Articles 1-6 to 1-61. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-6 to 1-61 p.
- Gregoire, J.C.; Liebhold, A.M.; Stephen, F.M.; Day, K.R.; [Editors]. 1997. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests; 1996 September 1-3; Vallombrosa, Italy : Articles 16-23. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 122-190 p.
- Gregoire, J.C.; Liebhold, A.M.; Stephen, F.M.; Day, K.R.; [Editors]. 1997. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests; 1996 September 1-3; Vallombrosa, Italy : Articles 24-31 . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 191-243 p.
- Gregoire, J.C.; Liebhold, A.M.; Stephen, F.M.; Day, K.R.; [Editors]. 1997. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests; 1996 September 1-3; Vallombrosa, Italy : Articles 7-15 . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-236. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 62-121 p.
- Williams, David W.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 1996. Herbivorous insects and climate change: potential changes in the spatial distribution of forest defoliator outbreaks. In: Hom, John; Birdsey, Richard; O'Brian, Kelly, eds. Proceedings 1995 meeting of the northern global change program; Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-214. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 216.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Muzika, Rose-Marie; Montgomery, Michael E.; Young, Regis; O'Day, Kathleen; Kelley, Brooks. 1995. Suitability of North American tree species to gypsy moth: a summary of field and laboratory tests. . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-211. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 34 p.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Barrett, Hope R.; [Editors]. 1993. Proceedings: Spatial analysis and forest pest management; 1992 April 27-30; Mountain Lakes, VA. : Part I - Spaitial Analysis and Forest Pest Management . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-175. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-92 p.
- Liebhold, Andrew M.; Barrett, Hope R.; [Editors]. 1993. Proceedings: Spatial analysis and forest pest management; 1992 April 27-30; Mountain Lakes, VA. : Part II - Spaitial Analysis and Forest Pest Management. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-175. Radnor, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 93-186 p.
- Liebhold, Andrew; Elkinton, Joseph S. 1991. Analysis of spatial density dependence in gypsy moth mortality. IN: Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twery, Mark J.; Smith, Shirley I., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency gypsy moth research review 1990; East Windsor, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-146. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 50.
- Elkinton, Joseph S.; Smith, Harvey R.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 1991. Impact of small mammal predators on gypsy moth. IN: Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twery, Mark J.; Smith, Shirley I., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency gypsy moth research review 1990; East Windsor, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-146. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 46.
- Liebhold, Andrew; Halverson, Joel; Elmes, Gregory; Hutchinson, Jay. 1991. Landscape ecology of gypsy moth in the Northeastern United States. IN: Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twery, Mark J.; Smith, Shirley I., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency gypsy moth research review 1990; East Windsor, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-146. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 113.
- Russo, Joseph M.; Kelley, John G. W.; Liebhold, Andrew M. 1991. Mesoscale landscape model of gypsy moth phenology. IN: Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Twery, Mark J.; Smith, Shirley I., eds. Proceedings, U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency gypsy moth research review 1990; East Windsor, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-146. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 115.
Other Publications by Andrew Liebhold *
- Aukema, Juliann E.; McCullough,Deborah G.; Von Holle, Betsy; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Britton, Kerry; Frankel, Susan J. 2010. Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience 60(11): 886-897.
- Robinet, C.; Lance, D.R.; Thorpe, K.W.; Tcheslavskaia, K.S.; Tobin, P.C.; Liebhold, A.M. 2008. Dispersion in time and space affect mating success and Allee effects in invading gypsy moth populations. Journal of Animal Ecology. 77: 966-973.
*Due to policy or copyright restrictions, we are unable to provide full-text versions of these publications. Please check with your local library or Contact Andrew Liebhold to inquire about reprints.
Last Modified:
02/15/2012