ILLINOIS PLANT INFORMATION NETWORK ILPIN INFORMATION ON Fraxinus pennsylvanica CLASS: DICOTYLEDENAE ORDER: SCROPHULARIALES FAMILY: OLEACEAE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Fraxinus pennsylvanica AUTHORITY: Marsh. COMMON NAMES: GREEN ASH RED ASH SYNONOMY: None PLANTS CODE: FRPE NATURAL COMMUNITIES: FOREST UPLAND FOREST MESIC WET-MESIC FLOODPLAIN FOREST MESIC WET-MESIC WET LISTED CHARACTERISTIC WETLAND BORDER OF LAKE SAF FOREST COVER TYPE: CENTRAL Upland oak listed White/Black/Northern Red- Oak Other Central Types listed Silver Maple - American Elm Pin Oak - Sweetgum NORTHERN Northern Hardwoods listed Sugar Maple-Basswood SOUTHERN Bottomland listed Baldcypress Baldcypress - Water Tupelo Water Tupelo Cottonwood Swamp Chestnut Oak - Cherrybark Oak Sweetgum - Willow Oak Sugarberry - American Elm - Green Ash Sycamore - Sweetgum - American Elm Black Willow Overcup Oak - Water Tupelo NATURAL DIVISION: Wisconsin Driftless Rock River Hill Country Freeport Oregon Northeastern Morainal Morainal Chicago Lake Plain Winnebago Grand Prairie Grand Prairie Springfield Western Green River Lowland Upper Miss. and Ill. R. Bottomlands Illinois River Mississippi River Western Forest Prairie Galesburg Carlinville COUNTIES: ADAMS ALEXANDER BOND BOONE BUREAU CALHOUN CARROLL CASS CHAMPAIGN CHRISTIAN CLARK CLINTON COLES COOK CRAWFORD DEKALB DEWITT DOUGLAS DUPAGE EDGAR EDWARDS FAYETTE FORD FRANKLIN FULTON GALLATIN GRUNDY HAMILTON HANCOCK HARDIN HENDERSON HENRY IROQUOIS JACKSON JASPER JEFFERSON JERSEY JO DAVIESS JOHNSON KANE KANKAKEE KENDALL LAKE LASALLE LAWRENCE LEE LIVINGSTON LOGAN MCDONOUGH MCHENRY MCLEAN MACON MACOUPIN MADISON MARION MARSHALL MASON MASSAC MENARD MERCER MONTGOMERY MORGAN OGLE PEORIA PERRY PIATT PIKE POPE PUTNAM RANDOLPH RICHLAND ROCK ISLAND ST. CLAIR SALINE SANGAMON SCHUYLER SCOTT SHELBY STARK TAZEWELL UNION VERMILION WABASH WARREN WASHINGTON WHITE WHITESIDE WILL WILLIAMSON WINNEBAGO WOODFORD GROWTH FORM: Dicot-woody TAXONOMY COMMENTS: This species and various subintegerrima may be interchangable, so the habitats have been listed for both when only one has been mentioned. TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: ROOTS: Primary LEAF ARRANGEMENT: Opposite LEAF TYPE: Compound (pinnately) LEAF MARGIN: Entire LEAF VENATION: Pinnate LEAF SHAPE: Ovate INFLORESCENCE: Panicle FLOWER STRUCTURE: Incomplete (no petals) FLOWER COLOR: Green Violet FLOWER PLACEMENT: Hypogynous FRUIT: Samara DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS: Branchlets and lower surface of leaves are velvety-pubescent; long samaras, flowers are crowded into purplish or greenish clusters; have narrow wings along stalks between leaflets. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: ORIGIN: Native POPULATION DYNAMICS: STATE STATUS: Not listed FEDERAL STATUS: Not listed COMMONNESS: Occasional ENDEMIC: NOT-ENDEMIC POPULATION STATUS COMMENTS: Sometimes species is common. BIOLOGIC: HABIT: Tree LIFE CYCLE: Perennial REPRODUCTION: Sexual FLOWERING PERIOD: MONTH BEGINNING- 4 MONTH END- 5 TROPHIC STATUS: Autotrophic C02 FIXATION: C3 SEX: Unisexual -dioecious ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: No data entered FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: MAJOR DISPERSAL AGENTS: WIND MAJOR POLLINATION AGENT: Wind NITROGEN FIXING No HUMAN RELATIONSHIP DATA: ALLERGENIC: Yes EDIBLE: Yes SHOWY FLOWERS: YES AMOUNT: Low HUMAN FACTOR COMMENTS: Causes hayfever. WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK INFORMATION: FOOD VALUE: DEER VALUE: Unknown UPLAND GAME VALUE: Unknown WATERFOWL VALUE: Unknown SMALL NON-GAME BIRD VALUE: - Fruit SMALL MAMMAL VALUE: Unknown AQUATIC MAMMAL VALUE: Unknown FISH VALUE: Unknown COVER VALUE: DEER: No data WATERFOWL: No data SMALL MAMMAL: No data FISH: No data SMALL BIRD: Good UPLAND GAME: No data AQUATIC MAMMAL: No data LIVESTOCK PALATABILITY DATA: CATTLE FORAGE: No data SHEEP FORAGE: No data HORSE FORAGE: No data GOAT FORAGE: No data ENERGY VALUE: Medium PROTEIN VALUE: Low POISONOUS (LIVESTOCK): No REVEGETATION PLANTINGS: WEEDINESS: Non-weedy REFERENCES: Mohlenbrock, R. H., ed. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 494 pp. Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois. Third ed. American Midland Naturalist Monograph 7. University of Notre Dame, Indiana. 401 pp. Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 1725 pp. Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of north- eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 810 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York. 1632 pp. Swink, F., and G. S. Wilhelm. 1979. Plants of the Chicago region. Third ed. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois. 922 pp. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters (SAF), Washington, D.C., 148 pp. Schwegman, J. E., G. D. Fell, M. Hutchison, G. Paulson, W. M. Shepherd, and J. White. 1973. Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves System. Part 2 - The Natural Divisions of Illinois. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield. 32 pp., plus map. White, J., and M. H. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 309-405 in J. White, ed., Illinois natural areas inventory technical report. Vol. 1. Survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana. Miller, R. B., and L. R. Tehon. 1929. The native and naturalized trees of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 18: 1-340. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1980. Forest trees of Illinois. Third ed. Illinois Department of Conservation, Division of Forestry, Springfield. 331 pp. Downton, W. J. S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9(1): 96-105. Grimm, W. C. 1950. The trees of Pennsylvania. Stackpole and Heck, New York and Harrisburg. 363 pp. END OF DATA FOR SPECIES Fraxinus pennsylvanica ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ILPIN was developed by Louis Iverson*, with data compiled by David Ketzner and Jeanne Karnes Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 *currently employed by USDA Forest Service, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015